Ghost Festival
August 22, Thursday
History and Origin
The Hungry Ghost Festival, or Zhongyuan, originates from ancient Chinese beliefs that during the seventh lunar month, the gates of Hell are opened, allowing the souls of the deceased—especially those who were not honored or who did not receive proper sacrifices—to return to the world of the living. During this time, family members and descendants perform rituals to calm the souls of their ancestors and help the "hungry ghosts," who are believed to suffer from thirst and hunger.
Traditions and Customs
Food offerings and sacrifices: People prepare food to be offered on altars, and burn paper money, "paper goods" (houses, cars, clothing), and figurines intended for the spirits of the dead to ease their situation in the afterlife.
Festive performances and rituals: In some areas, theatrical performances such as Chinese operas or troupes perform outdoors. These often include elements of folklore and mythology aimed at entertaining the spirits that have returned to Earth.
Donations and ancestor remembrance: Many Chinese families hold special ceremonies to honor their ancestors. This may include visiting graves, bringing food and drinks to the graves, and lighting fireworks and candles in memory of the deceased.
Prohibitions on certain actions: During the festival, it is customary to avoid activities such as traveling alone at night, as it is believed that spirits may follow the living. Excessive revelry and noise are also avoided to prevent attracting unwanted spirits.
Festival donations for the poor: In some Southeast Asian countries such as Singapore and Malaysia, charitable events are also held as part of the festival, aimed at helping the needy.
Modern Significance
While many traditions of the Hungry Ghost Festival are maintained in the modern world, the festival has also taken on new forms. It has become a time for Chinese communities not only for spiritual connection with ancestors but also for family gatherings, socializing, and strengthening community bonds.
The festival emphasizes the importance of respect for ancestors and the culture of honoring the deceased, which plays a significant role in Chinese philosophy and traditions.